Linear Stages – High Accuracy Motorized Translation Stages

A motorized linear stage is a device that facilitates automated movement in a straight line. It encompasses bearings which can withstand torques and linear forces perpendicular to the motion direction, thereby allowing it to support a load. Often referred to as linear translation stages or linear slides, they are a crucial component in single-axis and multi-axis motion systems.

Consider the following factors when buying a motorized precision linear stage:

1. Load Capacity, Stiffness, and Size: Consider the size, mass, and inertia of the object that the linear stage will need to move. A miniature stage might have the right on-center load capacity, but a lengthy, off-centered load could provide too much torque for the bearings to handle. A stage with a higher load capacity will provide a longer lifetime in high duty cycle applications.
2. Bearing Type: In general, cross-roller bearings provide higher load capacity and better geometric performance than ball bearings. Air bearings provide the highest accuracy and lifetime since they are friction-free and maintenance -free.
3. Travel Range: This refers to the total distance that the stage can move. When stacking stages for XY applications, consider the bottom stage to have a relatively wide base compared to the travel range of the top stage to reduce bending moments. 
4. Acceleration and Speed: Higher velocity and acceleration can be achieved with direct-drive stages. Lead-screw or ballscrew driven stages can provide higher force.  The motor size and motion control will have a big influence on step-and-settle performance.
5. Accuracy, Repeatability, and Resolution: Stages with linear encoders typically provide higher accuracy and repeatability compared to motor mounted rotary encoders or open loop stepper motors. Linear encoders with nanometer resolution are available today.
6. Drive Mechanism: The following drive mechanisms are offered -- lead screws (self locking), ball screws (lower friction than lead screws), linear motors (highest velocity and accuracy, ideal for industrial 24/7 applications), or piezo motors (compact, high resolution, self locking).
7. Environment Suitability: For vacuum applications, special designs are necessary. Air bearings are ideal for clean rooms. Special protection is required for harsh industrial environments.
8. Support and Warranty: Check the level of technical support provided by the manufacturer, as well as the warranty terms. Always discuss your requirements with a knowledgeable engineer at the manufacturer or supplier to ensure you choose the most suitable stage for your application.